While many of us are working on (or quickly ditching!) New Year’s resolutions this January, our 2025 Earth Honoree, the Brown Pelican, has its own critical task—preparing for the next nesting season.

After reaching their peak population numbers along the California coast in late summer and fall, most of these birds begin their southward journey by December or January. They’re heading towards dry, rocky offshore island breeding grounds. The success of the breeding season depends on securing a safe nesting area and access to food.

Make a Splash in Class: Educational Pelican Toolkit

Pelicans are colonial nesters, forming large groups on the ground. These areas must be free from predators and human disturbance to ensure the survival of their young. The ocean waters near the colony must provide a consistent, reliable food source (mainly fish) to support the chicks. In addition to providing sustenance, the ocean itself can be a hazard; since pelican nests are located on the ground, one of the biggest threats can come from abnormally high tides that can wash away the eggs.

Brown pelicans typically begin breeding when they are three to five years old, though females often start earlier than males. To begin, the male takes the initiative, selecting and defending a nest site for up to three weeks while performing conspicuous head-swaying displays to attract a mate. Once paired up, the pair remains monogamous throughout the breeding season. Eggs are usually laid just a week or two later.

The nest is simple, a shallow depression lined with sticks and feathers on the ground. The dedication of these birds to creating a safe environment for their young is a powerful lesson in commitment as we look toward our own goals for this year. Keep up the good work!